This dataset contains synchrotron micro–X-ray computed tomography (micro-XCT) image stacks of dental enamel from multiple mammalian species, including lion, wolf, wild African dog, and snow leopard. The images capture the three-dimensional microstructure of enamel across different tooth types and regions (e.g., molar, premolar, canine; cervical, cusp, intercuspal), with sufficient resolution to resolve enamel rods and decussation band organization. The processed images, including quiver plots and colored bands, are included. These data provide a visual and structural record of hierarchical enamel architecture, including features such as rod orientation and branching patterns. The dataset is intended for use in independent image analysis, comparative studies, and the development of bioinspired materials concepts. Additional context on sample selection, imaging conditions, and biological interpretation is available in the associated manuscript: Guillen, D.P., et al. (2026) Hierarchical Structures in Mammalian Enamel from Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography, Acta Biomaterialia.